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Day One
8:00
Reception and welcome coffee
9:00
Official opening
9:30
Opening: Julien Mader, Director of Marine Technology at AZTI and head of Uhinak’s scientific committee
9:40
Opening keynote lecture:
WARNING OF A FORTHCOMING COLLAPSE OF THE ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a major tipping element in the climate system and a future collapse would have severe impacts on the climate in the North Atlantic region. In recent years weakening in circulation has been reported, but assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), based on the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) model simulations suggest that a full collapse is unlikely within the 21st century. Tipping to an undesired state in the climate is, however, a growing concern with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Predictions based on observations rely on detecting early-warning signals, primarily an increase in variance (loss of resilience) and increased autocorrelation (critical slowing down), which have recently been reported for the AMOC. Here we provide statistical significance and data-driven estimators for the time of tipping. We estimate a collapse of the AMOC to occur around mid-century under the current scenario of future emissions
Peter Ditlevsen
Professor, University of Copenhagen
SESSION 1: PLANETARY TIPPING POINTS
10:15
Guest speaker:
MARINE HEAT WAVES IN THE SOUTHERN BAY OF BISCAY AND ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN ENERGY FLUXES
Satellite-derived (MODIS SST, 2000-2023) and Optimum Interpolated Sea Surface Temperature (SST, 1981-2023) show that summer warm Sea Surface Temperature (SST) records are currently more frequently exceeded than cold ones over the southern Bay of Biscay (SBoB). We check the hypothesis that the atmosphere might be influencing these records. We use daily MODIS-NSST and OISST spatially-averaged data calculated over open-ocean data in SBoB. Data from reanalyses (ERA5 for atmosphere-ocean energy fluxes and Iberian-Atlantic ocean reanalysis from CMEMS for mixed layer depth and salinity) are used to estimate the linear relationship between the derivative with time of spatially averaged SST and surface energy fluxes. The time derivative of SST calculated from OISST, is less noisy when used for the calculation of the relationship with energy fluxes. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model has been applied to the principal components of daily averaged surface turbulent latent and sensible heat fluxes and shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes. The MLR shows that the atmosphere is at most able to explain a 29% of the total variance during August between 2000 and 2023. This result suggests that the sea surface warming has been likely driven by a combination of atmospheric forcing and oceanic (horizontal and/or vertical) advective processes.
Jon Saenz
UPV/EHU
Oral communications
10:40
Future evolution of deoxygenation and water temperature under climate forcings in shallow coastal areas: the case of Mediterranean lagoons. Louison Huchet, Laboratoire Chrome – University of Nimes.
10:50
Seasonal, interannual and long-term variability of sea surface temperature in the NW Iberian upwelling, 1982-2020. Silvia Piedracoba, CETMAR.
11:00
Natural and anthropic evolution of the marshes in the Oka estuary (Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve): their importance in sea level change studies. Ane García Artola, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
11:10
Networking café, poster session and visit the exhibition area
11:50
Effect of water temperature on growth rates of early life stages of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus). Elorri Arévalo, AZTI
12:00
Sensitivity of fishing fleets to climate change: Port exit capacity for southern Bay of Biscay vessels. Claire Kermorvant, University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour.
12:10
Coastal Acidification in the Canary Islands. David González, IOCAG – ULPGC
12:20
Colloquium
SESSION 2: EXTREME EVENTS AND ADAPTATION MEASURES
12:50
Guest speaker:
MONITORING PROGRAM OF SALTMARSH RESTORATION ACTIONS IN THE BASQUE COAST
Within the EU Mission Adaptation to Climate Change, the Regions4Climate project (R4C, GA-101093873) will implement innovative actions to enhance climate resilience in close collaboration with stakeholders within the real-life environments of 12 European regions. The Basque region will be represented in the project by AZTI, Tecnalia, Zabala, Ihobe and the DESMA department of the Basque Government. One of the missions of the Basque partners is to evaluate the impact of the restoration actions that will be undertaken in the Txingudi estuary and to develop a monitoring programme from local to regional scale of extreme events and long-term changes.
Roland Garnier
AZTI
13:15
Risk assessment and flexible adaptation strategies against coastal flooding due to climate change in Macaronesia coastal urban areas. Application to Garachico (Tenerife). LIFE GARACHICO Project. María Fuentes, IH Cantabria.
13:25
Methodological application of climate change adaptation in coastal projects – case study on the South Coast of Murcia. Miriam García Oliva, CEDEX-CEPYC.
13:35
Coastal climate change risk perceptions and adaptation preferences: the case of Dakar. Ambika Markanday, Basque Centre for Climate Change.
13:45
Colloquium
14:05
Networking lunch
15:15
System mapping, a methodology to address the complexities of coastal pathogen infection risks related to the impacts of climate change, pollution and social inequalities. Estibaliz Baroja, Basque Centre for Climate Change.
15:25
Assessing the impact of extreme weather events on bird mortality. Maite Louzao, AZTI.
15:35
Monitoring the morphological response of the beaches in the Bilbao port area: applications of a predictive model. Manuel Viñes, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC).
15:45
Ports and climate change: A multi-scale adaptation approach. Javier López Lara, IH Cantabria.
15:55
Charting a Course: The Role of Observatorio Costeiro Xunta de Galicia in the Galician society’s needs. Garbiñe Ayensa, Intecmar.
16:05
Enhancing Coastal Resilience: Cross-Border Collaboration and Innovation in the Regions4Climate Project. Igone García Pérez, Tecnalia
16:15
TRANSCLIMA: unprecedented dangers in coastal areas. Itxaso Odériz, IH Cantabria
16:25
Colloquium
16:55
END OF THE FIRST WORKING DAY
Simultaneous translation into Spanish, French and English will be provided for all sessions.
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Day Two
8:30
Reception and welcome coffee
9:00
OPENING KEYNOTE LECTURE DAY TWO
Adaptive capacity and resilience of European Seas under contrasting Climate Change trajectories and multiple management interventions
She is a researcher at the Institute of Marine Science (ICM–CSIC) (Barcelona, Spain).
Her research focuses on understanding patterns and processes that have and will characterize marine ecosystems and, in particular, changes of, and threats to, marine biodiversity. She studies community and food-web dynamics linked with human activities (such as fisheries, eutrophication, invasive species and climate change), and how these translate into changes in ecosystem structure and functioning, and into services that humans obtain from the ocean. She develops and apply a variety of ecological analyses based on ecosystem modelling techniques and statistical tools, and uses historical data, experimental results and field data sets. She currently works on developing and testing scenarios of future trajectories of change to find best solutions for transformative management of the oceans.
Marta Coll
Senior researcher, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM) - CSIC; Barcelona
9:35
Guest speaker:
DEVELOPMENT OF DECISION-SUPPORT TOOLS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OCEAN STORM IMPACTS ALONG THE COAST OF SAINT-JEAN-DE-LUZ, SW FRANCE.
The Region4Climate project (R4C, GA-101093873) contributes to the EU Mission Adaptation to Climate Change by implementing innovative actions in 12 regions across Europe with the aim of enhancing resilience to climate change. Along the South Aquitaine coast, project experimentations are conducted in the pilot site of Saint-Jean-de-Luz city coastline through a collaboration between Communauté d’Agglomération Pays Basque (CAPB) and the joint lab KOSTARISK constituted of the laboratory SIAME of Université de Pau et Pays de l’Adour (UPPA), the center Rivages Pro Tech of SUEZ and the AZTI Foundation. The R4C work program started in 2023 and consists in developing and demonstrating decision-aid tools to support the management of ocean storm impacts on the coast. Main types of impacts studied in the project are coastal flooding and extreme wave loads on coastal defences. The decision-aid tools are based on the combination of innovative monitoring and modelling technologies. The monitoring strategy relies on a network of coastal videometry stations, complemented by an in-situ, autonomous, wave impact load measurement station installed in Artha breakwater. The modelling component relies on a multi-model chain refining marine hazards from the offshore up to the local scale of the breakwater or the waterfront, with a central focus set on ocean waves transformation and impacts. These different technologies are jointly exploited (i) to improve knowledge on processes governing local ocean storm impacts; (ii) to allow for a use in real time as part of a tailored Early Warning System for extreme events anticipation and mitigation; and finally (iii) to support public authority in preventing coastal risks for the population and the infrastructures in the short and long term, in the current and the future climate.
Matthias Delpey
Rivages Pro Tech, SUEZ Eau France
Oral communications
10:00
Extreme Waves from compact High Frequency radars in the southeastern Bay of Biscay: measurement performance under different conditions. Lohitzune Solabarrieta, AZTI
10:10
Big surf at the Basque coast – numerical analysis of wave processes at Belharra. Diego Slamovitz, University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour.
10:20
Numerical modelling of impact forces caused by wave overtopping : realistic application on a very shallow foreshore configuration. Erwan Imbertie, Suez, Center Rivages Pro Tech.
10:30
Impact forces of water surges on coastal flooding defense systems. Mohamed Rozki, University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour.
10:40
Characterisation of extreme wave events in a context of climate change: Applications to coastal flood modelling. David Lucio, IH Cantabria.
10:50
Colloquium
11:10
Networking café, poster session and visit the exhibition area
SESSION 3: COASTAL AND OCEAN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
11:50
Guest speaker:
LIFE BLUE NATURA. BLUE CARBON IN ANDALUSIA. TOOLS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
The Life Blue Natura Project came to an end in December 2021. The LIFE Blue Natura project was designed with the main objective of seeking funding for the conservation of the CO2 capture and storage service provided by marine and coastal ecosystems such as Posidonia oceanica meadows and tidal marshes, through policies related to the fight against climate change, specifically those related to carbon markets.
One of the main objectives of the project has been to understand and quantify the carbon capture and sink service of coastal ecosystems in Andalusia, including seagrass meadows (approx. 11,803 ha) and tidal marshes, specifically those of the Bay of Cadiz (approx. 13,400 ha) and the Odiel Marshes (approx. 3,800 ha). All the results of the calculations of CO2 stocks and fluxes to these ecosystems can be consulted on the project website.
Among its most outstanding final products are the Andalusian Standard for the verification of carbon credits generated by emission offsetting projects based on the conservation of Posidonia oceanica and salt marshes; and the catalogue of offsetting projects (1 project focused on Posidonia oceanica in the Cabo de Gata-Nijar National Park and another in the Bay of Cadiz salt marsh). The availability of these results makes the Autonomous Community of Andalusia the first environmental administration to develop the necessary instruments so that companies interested in offsetting their emissions can do so through actions aimed at the conservation/restoration of coastal/marine ecosystems (blue carbon).
Soledad Vivas Navarro
Marine Environment Technical Coordinator. Environment and Water Agency Regional Government of Andalusia
Oral communications
12:15
Future scenarios of marine resources and ecosystem conditions in the Bay of Biscay under the impact of climate change and multiple management interventions. Xabier Corrales, AZTI.
12:25
Low-trophic aquaculture effectiveness as Nature-based Solutions: sustainable aquaculture practices for marine conservation. Leire Arantzamendi, AZTI.
12:35
GHG emission maps of maritime transport in ports as a decision-making tool. Victoria Ferreiroa, MC Valnera S.L.
12:45
Assessing the influence of seagrasses and salt marshes on blue carbon stock in sediments. Remy Moreau, Surfrider Foundation.
12:55
CAPTA Project: Climate neutrality: role of Blue Carbon on the coast of Portugal and Galicia. Silvia Piedracoba, CETMAR.
13:05
Assessment of blue carbon sequestration in Basque estuaries: a tool for regional climate action integration in the coast. Ainhize Butron, Ihobe.
13:15
Assessing Future Wave Climate in the Ebro Delta Using SWAN Nested Modelling and CMIP6 Wind Projections. Marc Mestres, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.
13:25
Colloquium
13:50
Networking lunch
SESSION 4: GOVERNANCE, MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND COMMUNICATION
14:50
Guest speaker:
A guide for risk assessment and adaptation to climate change in the coastline
The lecture will focus on the description of the Knowledge for Development Project (KDP) on Risk Management linked to Climate Change in Coastal Areas of Latin America and the Caribbean financed by the Spanish Cooperation (AECID) and coordinated by IHCantabria as a model of good practices to advance in the development of governance and the development of tools for coastal management. An important part will be devoted to show its results and, in particular, the Guide for Risk Analysis and Adaptation to Climate Change on the Coast, the result of the integration and synthesis of the knowledge acquired by IHCantabria in the development of national and international projects on climate change risk analysis on the coast and adaptation plans, with the participation of specialists from 17 Latin American and Caribbean countries who have also contributed to the Guide with their experience. Another relevant result is the Ribera C3 platform, the digital community of the Ibero-American Network for Risk and Adaptation to Climate Change, conceived to serve as a vehicle for communication between agents and experts.
Iñigo Losada Rodríguez
Research Director, IHCantabria.
Oral communications
15:15
The role of intersectionality in vulnerability assessment of climate change-related health impacts such as infectious diseases. Iraitz Jauregui, Basque Centre for Climate Change.
15:25
The serious game as a link between consultation and operational adaptation strategy: the case of TACC’tic. Loick Le Roy and Thomas Beillouin, Artelia.
15:35
The early warning system for maritime-coastal risk in Euskalmet. Santiago Gaztelumendi, Tecnalia. .
15:45
Analysis of governance for the coastal environment in the Canary Islands. Aridane Gonzalez, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG).
15:55
Ostreobila: a cross-border research program on Ostreopsis algae. Aurelie Bocquet Escourrou, GIS Littoral Basque.
16:05
Innovative tools in seaside tourist destinations to assess the vulnerability and impacts of climate change. Beatriz Gasalla, University of Cadiz.
16:15
Do we know enough about climate change? Knowledge, concerns and climatic habits. Maria Calvo, AZTI.
16:25
Colloquium
16:55
Guest speaker:
COASTAL GOVERNANCE IN THE METAVERSE. CHALLENGES FOR COMMUNICATION, PARTICIPATION AND CONSERVATION.
This paper will address the new challenges of environmental journalism posed in two parallel aspects. Firstly, the digital paradigm and the new dynamics of production, distribution and consumption of content – from social networks to the metaverse. And secondly, the challenges for sustainability generated by climate change, a global phenomenon with an impact on the conservation of the various ecosystems of coastal areas, among others. The conference will highlight the importance of quality environmental journalism, which is fundamental for contributing to a qualified public opinion on sustainability, as well as favouring citizen participation in this sphere through rigorous framing, far removed from catastrophism and alarmism.
Professor Maria Josep Picó will show the risks from the perspective of communication and digital convergence for the transmission of narratives favourable to conservation, for example, fake news spread by pressure groups or the practice of greenwashing. The conference will conclude with examples of good practices to improve environmental journalism on climate change and territorial management, especially of the coast; notes on emerging journalistic formats, among others, podcasts, and will also explain some of the lines of work of the European H2020 project RESTORE4CS, in which the University of Valencia participates, focused on modelling the restoration of wetlands in the context of climate emergency.
María Josep Picó
Professor of journalism, University of València
17:20
Closure
17:30
END OF DAY TWO
Simultaneous translation into Spanish, French and English will be provided for all sessions.
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– Half century at-sea monitoring on top predators in the Bay of Biscay: changes in relative abundances and impacts of oceano-climatic changes. Emilie Milon, Centre de la Mer. Emilie Milon, Centre de la Mer.
– Multidisciplinary Study of Coastal Chemistry and Its Implications for Blue Carbon. Aridane González, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG).
– Sea level on the Basque coast: characterisation and case studies. Santiago Gaztelumendi, Tecnalia.
– Progress in the prediction of waste and overtopping in Euskalmet. Santiago Gaztelumendi, Tecnalia.
– Implementation of a tool for tracking drifting objects and substances: EuskalDrift. Santiago Gaztelumendi, Tecnalia.
– Characterisation of sea storms affecting the beaches of the city of Barcelona. Jordi Mateo, Meteorological Service of Catalonia.
– Extreme wave run-up on steep rock shores. Volker Roeber, University of Pau and Pays de l´Adour.
– Comparison of flooding strategies in estuaries: The case of Txingudi (Basque Coast). Laure Sicard, AZTI and University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU).
– The importance of the valorisation and circular economy of MARPOL wastes facing the challenge of the fight against pollution. Sara Calvo, MC Valnera S.L.
– Design of the green infrastructure from a socio-ecological systems approach. Mikel Alberdi, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).
– The impact of the discharges from Wastewater Treatment Plants on coastal ecosystems in a context of global change. Marta Revilla, AZTI.
– 20 years researching the coast of Jaizkibel-Ulia. Sara Lizarza, Mater.
– SEABIN PASAIA. Ongoing investigation of marine litter in Pasaia Bay Sara Lizarza, Mater.
– Assessment of the ecosystem services provided by coastal recreational areas in Biscay. Lorena Peña, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).
– Criteria for action Portuguese caravels public health summer 2023 in the Basque Country. Iván García, Basque Government Department of Health.
– Fitting the pieces together: How do spatial management scenarios impact on Basque fisheries revenues?. Xabier Larrinaga, AZTI.
– The key role of marine citizen science in early detection and monitoring of changes in marine biodiversity: the case of REDPROMAR in the Canary Islands. Marc Martín, Gestión y Planeamiento Territorial y Medioambiental S.A.
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Peter Ditlevsen
Professor, University of Copenhagen
Peter Ditlevsen is Professor at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, his educational background includes a Dr. Scient in 2004, a PhD in Theoretical Solid State Physics in 1991, and an MSc in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics in 1988. He is an expert in the physics of climate, paleoclimate, chaos and dynamical systems. He has published more than 100papers, 5 books/book chapters and numerous popular science articles.
Jon Sáenz Agirre
University Professor
Department of Physics. Faculty of Science and Technology
University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko UnibertsitateaHe is a University Professor in the Physics Department of the Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of the Basque Country and a member of the Plentzia Marine Station (PIE). He is the author of several articles in scientific journals (more than 80 articles) and principal investigator in six projects of the National Research Plan, all of them in the field of climatology, a field in which he has directed or co-directed nine doctoral theses.
He has collaborated with national and international authors in different lines, as demonstrated by publications in high impact journals. One of these lines covers atmosphere-ocean coupling applied to the use of climate data for the study of renewable energy production or ecotoxicology in coastal areas and the coupling between wind and wave production in remote waters.
Another line covers the analysis of multidecadal climate variability and renewable energies, having collaborated in the analysis of global wind potential, the detection of long-term changes in offshore wind energy density or the impact of climate variability on the efficiency of wave energy converters.
He has developed and analysed high-resolution numerical models (including variational data assimilation in our integrations), applied to the study of available offshore wind energy, the analysis of atmospheric moisture balance and the impact of using a data assimilation step in the simulation of convective instability.
He has also produced free software packages for scientific use, such as the R packages SailoR and aiRthermo, the parallelised C code for the calculation of multidimensional probability density functions using kernel or the pyclimate package in python.
Roland Garnier
Researcher, AZTI
Graduate engineer and doctor in applied physics and oceanography from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia and the University of Bordeaux (2007). Expert in coastal engineering and modelling of coastal processes, with professional experience in international research centres (University of Nottingham, University of Cantabria, UPC). He is involved in the development and coordination of projects relating to climate change, coastal risks, coastal engineering and coastal management. He has been a researcher in the AZTI marine technologies field since 2020, where he coordinates the European Regions4Climate project at regional level.
Delpey Matthias
Head of Research & Development
Head of Waves & Coastal Risks Services
Co-director of the KOSTARISK joint laboratory (UPPA/AZTI/RPT). Rivages Pro Tech, SUEZ Eau FranceMatthias Delpey is in charge of Research & Development at SUEZ’s Rivages Pro Tech centre and works in particular on issues relating to waves and the impact of storms on the coast. He also co-directs the KOSTARISK joint laboratory dedicated to research into coastal risks, which is shared between the SIAME laboratory at the University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour, the AZTI Foundation and the Rivages Pro Tech centre. An engineer with a doctorate in physical oceanography, Matthias specialises in wave dynamics in coastal areas, wave-current interactions and marine submersion. Since January 2023, Matthias has been coordinating the collaborative actions carried out on the southern Aquitaine coast as part of the European Regions4Climate project, alongside the Communauté d’Agglomération Pays Basque and the Université de Pau et Pays de l’Adour.
Soledad Vivas Navarro
Marine Environment Technical Coordinator.
Environment and Water Agency. Regional Government of Andalusia.She has been the Technical Coordinator of the Marine Environment Programme at the Environment and Water Agency of the Andalusian Regional Government from 2008 to the present. Coordinator of various European projects, including Life + Posidonia Andalucía, the Life Blue Natura project and Life IP Intemares, in the latter case in relation to the Agency’s commitments as a beneficiary partner of this project. During the more than 14 years in which it has been carrying out these activities, it has published dozens of articles, book chapters and carried out different interventions in different formats at national and European level that reflect the development of all the actions carried out in relation to the management and conservation of threatened marine species and habitats in Andalusia, especially those related to the Plan for the recovery and conservation of threatened marine phanerogams and invertebrates in Andalusia and the Emergency programme against strandings of cetaceans and sea turtles in Andalusia. In recent years, this work has also provided specific information on the calculation of the ecosystem services of marine ecosystems in Andalusia, especially those associated with the HIC*1120 Posidonia oceanica meadows. In recent years, this work has also provided specific information on the calculation of the ecosystem services of marine ecosystems in Andalusia, especially those associated with the HIC*1120 Posidonia oceanica meadows. Recently, and thanks to the implementation of Life Blue Natura, the development of projects in line with the SbN, specifically projects aimed at reinforcing the role of marine ecosystems in the fight against climate change, specifically their role in CO2 sequestration, have been highlighted.
Iñigo Losada Rodríguez
Research Director
Institute of Environmental Hydraulics "IHCantabria".
University of CantabriaIñigo Losada holds a PhD in Civil Engineering from the University of Cantabria (Spain) and the University of Delaware (USA). He is Professor of Hydraulic Engineering at the School of Civil Engineering of Santander and Research Director of the Institute of Environmental Hydraulics-IHCantabria.
His research has focused on modelling coastal processes, wave-structure interaction, offshore energy and climate change related risks and adaptation in coastal zones. He was the coordinating lead author of the coastal chapter of the IPCC 5th Assessment Report. For his work, Losada has received awards from the (ASCE) and the (IAHR) as well as the National Research and Environment Awards.
Maria Josep Picó Garcés
Professor of journalism
University of ValènciaShe is a lecturer in Journalism at the Universitat de València and coordinator of the Environmental Journalism module in the Master’s Degree in Scientific, Medical and Environmental Communication at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona. She has been a specialised editor for the newspaper Levante-EMV; director of the nature magazine Nat, of Sàpiens Publicacions, and journalist at UCC+i of the Universitat de València and Universitat Jaume I. She also coordinated the communication and participation strategy of València European Green Capital 2024. His areas of specialisation are environmental communication, sustainability and climate change, as well as new transmedia narratives for science communication in the digital environment. He is the winner of the 2005 National Journalism Prize, awarded by the Ministry of the Environment of the Spanish Government.
Marta Coll Montón
Senior researcher
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM) - CSIC; BarcelonaShe is a researcher at the Institute of Marine Science (ICM–CSIC) (Barcelona, Spain).
Her research focuses on understanding patterns and processes that have and will characterize marine ecosystems and, in particular, changes of, and threats to, marine biodiversity. She studies community and food-web dynamics linked with human activities (such as fisheries, eutrophication, invasive species and climate change), and how these translate into changes in ecosystem structure and functioning, and into services that humans obtain from the ocean. She develops and apply a variety of ecological analyses based on ecosystem modelling techniques and statistical tools, and uses historical data, experimental results and field data sets. She currently works on developing and testing scenarios of future trajectories of change to find best solutions for transformative management of the oceans.